Neuromuscular implies there is some type of problem with the muscles that support the spine. At times, the body does not have the strength to support the spine, and gravity causes the spine to curve. Other times, the body pulls unevenly on different sides of the spine. Children with neuromuscular scoliosis usually have problems with other muscle groups, and may struggle or be unable to walk. The most common cause is cerebral palsy - a syndrome caused by a brain injury within the first two years of life. Children often cannot walk and have developmental delays. Some forms are very mild, while others involve all of the extremities.
Scoliosis occurs in approximately 50% of children with cerebral palsy. Other causes are injuries or syndromes that affect the spinal cord. Spina bifida (a failure of the bony portions of the spine to form properly around the nerves) may cause no abnormalities, or paralysis in the legs. The higher the lesion, the more likely scoliosis will occur. Similarly, gun shot wounds or severe injuries to the spine during growth may cause paralysis and scoliosis.
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